An abstract is a summary of a research article.  An abstract should describe the objective, method, results and conclusions in a non-repetitive manner.  The style of writing should be clear and concise and should be written using the format below.

An abstract should be a one to one and a half page summary and single spaced.  One paragraph is too short and a 2 to 3 page summary is too long.  The citation of the article should be at the top of the page and single spaced.

Format:

Author’s name last, first (year). Title, Journal, Vol., pp.

Purpose:

Subjects:

Method:

Results:

Application of an idea:

The  application of an idea section should concisely apply your knowledge or ideas to the topic. (i.e what can be done with the information; how the information can be interpreted, etc.)  Don’t use “I” in the abstract, keep wording formal.