Distinctive metabolic profiles between Cystic Fibrosis mutational subclasses and lung function.

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Read the assigned article and provide the following information
Title: Distinctive metabolic profiles between Cystic Fibrosis mutational subclasses and lung function.

Introduction (using your own language, please write a brief introduction about this project):
This is a comprehensive comparison to study altered metabolites in patients with CF, among different classes and in relation to lung function. However, the study identified 78 significantly differentially abundant metabolites altered with the disease regardless of the CF mutational classes. Moreover, a further comparison was carried out in the analysis between the mutational classes III and IV, representing the milder form of the disease, which showed significant differences in the regulation of 13 metabolites.

Study design (include, the species, study groups, inclusion/exclusion criteria, prospective/retrospective, etc):
The study cohort included young and adult patients with a clinical and laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of CF. These patients have selected randomly. A whole blood sample was collected in non-EDTA tubes from young and adults with confirmed the diagnosis of CF. After that sample was centrifuged and the serum was stored at -80 to prevent metabolic changes. Controls were selected from the biobank.
Excluded: Any patient enrolled in another clinical study in the last 30 days, unable or unwilling to provide informed consent, or diagnosed with conditions other than CF was excluded from this study.

Experimental Part (sample preparation, instrumental technique, analytical strategy, statistical approach, results evaluation, etc):
Sample preparation: Each sample was labeled with 12C-dansyl chloride (DnsCl), while a pooled sample was generated by mixing all individual samples then labeled by 13C-DnsCl. The 13C-labeled pooled sample served as a reference for all the 12C-labeled individual samples. Each sample was normalized before LC–MS analysis. LC‐UV quantitation was performed to determine the total concentration of dansyl‐labeled metabolites (Wu and Li 2012). Each 12C‐ labeled sample was mixed with the same mole amount of 13C-labeled pooled sample and injected into LC-MS
instrumental technique: We used a chemical isotope-labeled mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to create an untargeted metabolomics profile for CF in young adult patients.
analytical strategy

statistical approach:

1-T-test for comparison between CF and Ctrl.
Five hundred and seventy-three detected metabolites were up-regulated, while 212 metabolites were down-regulated in the CF group compared to Ctrl.
2- ANOVA Comparison among all CFR classes to study the variance between these groups which shows differential deregulation of the metabolites between the classes of CF demonstrated.
3- Binary comparison between for lung function of CF which shows that patients Positively identified serum metabolites in CF patients above and below the average of FEV% an OPLS-DA plot for binary comparisons above average (red dots, n=32) and below-average (green dots, n=38) with a calculated space of R2=0.978 and Q2=0.684 shows a clear separation between the two groups.