1. Compare and contrast competitive and non-competitive
inhibitors. Explain how sulfa antibiotics function to kill a
pathogen. What is the basis of selective toxicity for sulfa
antibiotics? What are the clinical application for silver?
2. Answer the following regarding urinary tract infections
(UTIs):
• You are caring for a patient who develops a urinary tract
infection. You collect a sample at 6:00 am and have the clerk
send the sample down to the lab. An emergency occurs on
the floor and the sample is left on the counter for four and a
half (4½) hours, before the clerk places the urine in the unit
refrigerator. The sample is sent down to the lab three and a
half (3½) hours afterward. At 6:00 am, the sample had 1,231
cells and has a generation time of 20 minutes. What is the
number of bacterial cells after the eight-hour delay?
• What is the primary portal of entry (POE) for agents that
cause UTI? What are the most common agents of UTIs?
• What is the significance of attachment pili for agents that
cause UTIs?
• Explain the common complications of UTIs?
• List the antibiotics used for the treatment for uncomplicated
UTIs.
3. Provide the following regarding pylori:
• Process of colonization. What is the significance of
attachment pili and flagella for the species.
• What are the factors that trigger the species to become an
opportunistic pathogen? What are the two virulence factors
that are produced? What impact do the virulence factors
have on stomach tissues?
• Describe early pathology and epidemiology.
• Describe late pathology and epidemiology
• What are the methods of diagnosis. What are the antibiotic
treatments for the species?
4. Create tables for the following:
• Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Be sure to include Gram stain
characteristic, mode of growth, adherence and
establishment mechanisms, epidemiology, pathology,
diagnosis, and treatment.
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia
trachomatis. Be sure to include Gram stain characteristic,
mode of growth, adherence and establishment mechanisms,
pathology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
5. Answer the following regarding horizontal gene transfer:
• Diagram (draw) the process of conjugation. Does the donor
cell lose its plasmid in this process? Explain your answer.
Can conjugation occur between distantly related species?
What is the significance of the broad distribution of
conjugation?
• Diagram (draw) the process of transformation involving
capsule synthesizing genes. What is the state of the donor
cell in this process? Is there a broad distribution for the
process of transformation? Explain your answer.
• Diagram (draw) the process of transduction. What is the
state of the donor cell in this process? What types of donor
genes are transferred in this process?