Directions: All final exams must be typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font, and one inch margins. Do not use any outside sources. You can answer all of the questions with the readings, lectures, and your notes. Submission to D2L is also a submission to turnitin.com. Please use parenthetical citations or footnotes in the body of your exam if applicable, and make sure to include a reference page.

This is an individual assignment, not a group project. Consulting other individuals is considering cheating.

Part I. (80 pts total, 20 points each) Please answer four of the following questions. Please indicate which questions you are answering (Ex: Part I. #1) and ground your answers in specific readings/notes/lectures. You will need to use your lecture notes and readings to answer these questions.

1) In what ways did the barriers in the U.S. Constitution contribute to long-term institutionalism racism against African Americans? Why did the Civil War Amendments fail to achieve their intended goal? Be specific.

2) How has the Latinx & Hispanic community been disadvantaged in the U.S. political and social system? Discuss relevant practices and legislation throughout U.S. history.

3) How did U.S. federal policies challenge both the sovereignty and identity of Native Americans/Indigenous Americans? Discuss relevant legislation and policies.

4) Discuss the progression of Civil Rights for the LGBTQIA+ community. Discuss relevant legislation and court cases. What inequities still exist?

5) In what ways did U.S. policy historically discriminate against Asian Americans? Be sure to discuss relevant legislation.

6) How has immigration policy discriminated against minoritized groups in the U.S.?

7) What is environmental racism? How have U.S. policies contributed to this practice?

8) How did U.S. federal policy contribute to segregation? Be sure to discuss relevant legislation (such as the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act, for example), explaining what the laws did and then explaining how they contributed to segregation.

Part II. (20 pts total) Please answer the following question, making sure to answer each part of it. I expect serious and thoughtful introspection! Although there is no “correct” answer per say, your answer needs to demonstrate your understanding of course concepts and how what you have learned in this class is applicable to your life. Be sure to ground your answers in specific readings when applicable.

1) What did you learn in this course that resonated with you the most or surprised you? What (if anything) has changed your thinking or previous assumptions? How can you take what you have learned from this class and apply it to your professional life currently or in the future? Explain.

Extra Credit (optional): (4 points)

1) Please provide your reaction to the readings/documentaries/speaker(s) throughout the semester. What books/readings/videos would you recommend using again, and why?

2) What discussion board topic(s) did you like the most? Do you have any suggestions for additional discussion board topics?

Formatting requirements: 12 point font, Times New Roman, 1 inch margins, double spaced
• If you do not follow the above requirements, it is an automatic deduction.

• Make sure to follow the formatting for all parts of your paper, including the citation or reference page and page numbers and headers. You will have to change the default settings. The new version of Word puts an extra space between paragraphs. You will have to go in and format it so the entire paper is doubled spaced.

• Writing/style/grammar/usage/understandability
o Use the Oxford comma. This means that if you have a series of three items or more, you should use a comma before the conjunction. This is consistent with APA, MLA, Chicago, & Turabian format.
 Ex: city, township, and county
o Do not use contractions in academic writing or end sentences with prepositions.
o Do not use 1st person pronouns like I, me, etc…
o Do not plagiarize!
 All instances of plagiarism will result in a minimum penalty of a zero on the assignment and a possible zero in the course along with a charge of academic dishonesty.
 Use quotations marks and parenthetical citations or footnotes for phrases taken word for word. If you do not, it is plagiarism.
 Use parenthetical citations or footnotes to acknowledge ideas that are not yours. If you do not, this is also considered plagiarism.
 Err on the side of over citation if you are unsure.

• Proper citations (APA, MLA, Chicago, or Turabian) and formatting. There are style books in the library, and there are examples on the library’s website. In addition, please include the following:
o Your Name, PPA 515, Dr. Wade, Date, Final (top left corner, each on a separate line), single space
o Text of paper – double space, indent paragraphs
o Page numbers inserted in header or footer, along with your last name (center bottom or right upper)
Ex: Smith 2
o Reference/Works Cited page
 Failure to include a works cited or reference page is a deduction – assuming you cited within the body of your paper. No references in the body of the paper or at the end will result in a zero and/or a plagiarism charge.

Academic Integrity/Plagiarism: It is the responsibility of each student to adhere to the university’s standards for academic integrity. Violations of academic integrity include any act that violates the rights of another student in academic work, that involves misrepresentation of your own work, or that disrupts the instruction of the course. Other violations include (but are not limited to): cheating on assignments or examinations; plagiarizing (which means copying any part of another’s work and/or using ideas of another and presenting them as one’s own without giving proper credit to the source); selling, purchasing, or exchanging of term papers; falsifying of information; and using your own work from one class to fulfill the assignment for another class without significant modification. Proof of academic misconduct can result in the automatic failure and removal from this course.

Plagiarism:
• Do not plagiarize!
o All instances of plagiarism will result in a minimum penalty of a zero on the assignment and a possible zero in the course along with a charge of academic dishonesty.
o Plagiarism includes using someone else’s work and presenting it as your own or having someone else write a paper for you.
o Using your own paper from another class is also a form of academic dishonesty.
o You must use quotations marks combined with parenthetical citations or footnotes for phrases that are taken word for word from a source. If you do not, it is plagiarism!
o You must use parenthetical citations or footnotes to acknowledge ideas that are not yours when you paraphrase. If you do not, this is also considered plagiarism!