Research Methods – Sp 2022
Procrastination Study Statistics

Descriptive Statistics (Demographic Information)

Number of participants (N)
• Total (agreed to participate) = 331
• # dropped for missing data = 13
• Total used for study = 318

Locus of Control (N = 331)
• Internal = 68%
• External = 32%

Age
• Range: 18 – 78
• Average: 32.98
• Median: 28

Gender:
• Female = 68%
• Male = 31%
• Nonbinary/third gender = 1%

Location:
• Bay Area of CA = 68%
• CA (other than Bay Area) = 9%
• States other than CA = 19% (multiple states across the country)
• International = 4%

Race
• White/Caucasian = 38.4%
• Hispanic/Latinx = 36%
• Asian American/Asian = 12.1%
• Biracial/Multiracial = 5%
• African American/Black = 4%
• Pacific Islander = 0.9%
• Native American/Alaskan Native = 0.6%
• Other = 3%

Attending School
• 64% = no
• 15% = part time
• 21% = full time

Employed
• 62% = full time (26 hours or more/week)
• 20% = part time (25 hours or less/week)
• 18% = not employed

Inferential Statistics (Planned Analyses based on your hypotheses)

T-test for independent means comparing Internal vs. External LOC and procrastination (higher score equals more procrastination)

Group 1 (External LOC)
N = 92
df = 91
Mean = 43.51
st dev = 10.16

Group 2 (Internal LOC)
N = 226
df = 225
Mean = 35.12
st dev = 10.27

T-value calculations
t= 6.63
p < .00001 Cohen’s d = 0.82 T-test for independent means comparing Internal vs. External LOC and anxiety (higher score equals more anxiety) Group 1 (External LOC) N = 92 df = 91 Mean = 20.83 st dev = 13.92 Group 2 (Internal LOC) N = 226 df = 225 Mean = 13.92 st dev = 11.86 T-value calculations t= 4.47 p < .00001 Cohen’s d = 0.53 Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation for Anxiety and Procrastination r = 0.32 p < .00001 Exploratory Analyses No difference for gender or age on procrastination One way ANOVA for effects of being a student on procrastination (full-time students, part-time students, and non-students) No school Part-time Full time N = 207 N = 46 N = 65 df = 206 df = 45 df = 64 Mean = 36.83 Mean = 39.17 Mean = 38.69 sd = 10.98 sd = 10.62 sd = 10.83 F = 1.32 p = .267 One-way ANOVA for effects of working on procrastination (higher score equals more procrastination) Not working Part-time Full time N = 57 N = 61 N = 200 df = 56 df = 60 df = 199 Mean = 37.75 Mean = 41.23 Mean = 36.37 sd = 10.67 sd = 9.74 sd = 11.11 F = 4.77 p = .009 Post hoc comparisons (Tukey’s HSD) found that there was no significant difference in procrastination between those who didn’t work and those who did worked either part-time or full time; however, there was a significant difference between those who worked part-time and those who worked full-time, such that those who worked part-time (M = 41.23, sd = 9.74) were more likely to procrastinate than those who worked full-time (M = 36.37, sd = 11.11: Q = 3.96, p = .014).