How to approach solution/best practices and describing the city state model: – Integration of Airport City Concept as a framework used to describe the look and functionality of a city state – Using metrics indicators of airport city concept to determine what city states need to thrive like in airport city concept framework Formulating the problems of the current state of cities and economic development: • How within the context of Nigeria and Ghana do we see the failures of Accra and Lagos • How within the political economy/settlement have they caused the failure of cities/local governance • identify indicators which has made Accra and Lagos not achieve as much as their counterparts in Hamburg, Hong Kong, Singapore • discuss Why economic performance has been problematic • Historical evolution of power distribution e.g resources of Accra and Lagos • Include issues of institutions economic geography • Highlight competing interests of national and local Politics • Highlight what the conflicts are e.g resource politics Why don’t urbanisation and economic growth correspond in Africa? https://citymonitor.ai/economy/why-don-t-urbanisation-and-economic-growth-correspond-africa-4416 Ghana’s economy: hope rekindled https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/august-2010/ghana%E2%80%99s-economy-hope-rekindled These are the 5 biggest risks facing sub-Saharan Africa this year https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/economic-growth-sub-saharan-africa-challenges-risks/ Ghana’s Economic Decline and Development Strategies https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-18371-5_10 Africa’s Failed Economic Development Trajectory: A Critique https://www.african-review.com/journal/v4(2)june2013/Africa’s%20Failed%20Economic%20Development%20Trajectory.pdf Urban economic growth in Africa: Analyzing constraints to agglomeration Reference this sentence: Because per capita GDP is low, public and private investments in housing, infrastructure, and other capital are lacking. Issues of limited land management and lack of infrastructure contribute to African cities being fragmented, with low levels of accessibility to jobs and social services. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2020/10/30/urban-economic-growth-in-africa-analyzing-constraints-to-agglomeration/#:~:text=Because%20per%20capita%20GDP%20is,to%20jobs%20and%20social%20services. Urban development in Africa: Challenges and opportunities https://www.african-cities.org/urban-development-in-africa-challenges-and-opportunities/ Developing Prosperous and Inclusive Cities in Africa – National Urban Policies to the Rescue? https://newclimateeconomy.report/workingpapers/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/09/CUT18_Africa_NatUrbanPolicies_final.pdf Africa’s Cities Need Meaningful Authority to Thrive https://chartercitiesinstitute.org/blog-posts/africas-cities-need-meaningful-authority/ Africa’s growing cities can be an economic springboard, if governments prepare now https://urbantransitions.global/en/news/africas-growing-cities-can-be-an-economic-springboard-if-governments-prepare-now/ Africa’s opportunity to unlock green investment in cities, prepare for climate change and accelerate growth https://urbantransitions.global/en/news/financing-africas-urban-opportunity/ Developing Prosperous and Inclusive Cities in Africa – National Urban Policies to the Rescue? https://urbantransitions.global/en/publication/developing-prosperous-and-inclusive-cities-in-africa-national-urban-policies-to-the-rescue/ The political opportunities and obstacles associated with Africa’s urban challenges https://www.african-cities.org/the-political-opportunities-and-obstacles-associated-with-africas-urban-challenges/